Print Terminologies
Colour Management
Good colour management ensures the accuracy of colour
reproduction between different equipment and processes in print production.
Gamut
Examples of gamuts are: RGB, CMYK, and hexachrome (CMYKOG)
are examples of gamuts. Gamuts explains the accuracy of particular systems can
reproduce certain colours. RGB can reproduce around 70% of colours that the
human eye can see. If you use a colour outside the printing gamut then the
closet equivalent will be used which may change the overall design.
Colour Profiles
Colour profiles are often pre-defined compared to specific
printing equipment and stock. Colour profiles vary on programmes such as
Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign as they assume different print requirements
for each package.
Coated/ Unncoated
Paper Coating provides a certain surface quality however
affects how the ink is absorbed.
Process Colour
CMYK- in offset lithography colours are applied using a CMYK
gamut applied using half-tone dots.
Spot Colours
Spot colours are defined if a colour lies outside the gamut
system. Spot colours must be defined within the image file and in any
conversations with the printer. Examples of spot colours can be identified using
Pantone colour swatches. The pantone codes will not look the same on screen as
they do in print, therefore use printed reference.
Lithography
The printing process uses plates (one for each colour) and
ink is applied on the basis that oil and water repel each other. Ink from
plates are “offset” onto a rubber printing surface before being applied to the
paper.
Web
Ultra-high-volume printing, like newspaper, often onto huge
rolls of paper. Often uses flexography or rotogravure.
Black/ Registration
In offset lithography black is one plate in the printing
process (the K of CMYK)
Registration is a black achieved by printing all four
process colours in the same space.
Registration is a black achieved by printing all four-process
colour in the same space. Registration black is used to apply registration
marks to ensure accurate alignment of litho plates.
Bleed
“Full Bleed” images must be printed beyond the margin limits
to ensure that white edges don’t appear after trimming.
Crop Marks
Crop marks communicate the trim regions.
Tipped- in page
A page that is printed separately but bound along with the
other pages. Tip- ins can use different formats or different stock to the rest
of the pages.
Tip-on
Added content glued to a page or cover (a plastic membership
card tipped- on to a member’s pack).
Duplexing
Bonding two different stocks together to act as one page
with different textures or colours on each side.
Foil blocking
Coloured foil is pressed into the stock using a foil stamp.
Embossing/Debossing
Embossed refers to a raised surface and debossing refers to
an indented surface.
Die cutting
A design is cut out of the surface using metal die.
Laminate
A plastic coating heat sealed onto a stock to provide a
crisp finish and a liquid resistant surface.
Varnish
A colourless coating which can be applied similarly to spot
colours. Varnish layers are often identified to the printer on a separate file using
black to identify the varnish.
Demy 18mo, 146mmx95mm
Foolscap Octavo (8ov), 171mmx108mm
Crown (8vo), 191mmx127mm
Large Crown (8vo), 203mmx133mm
Demy (8vo), 213mmx143mm
Medium (8vo), 241mmx152mm
Royal (8ov), 254mmx159mm
Super Royal (8vo), 260mmx175mm
Imperial (8vo), 279mmx191mm
Foolscap Quarto (4to), 216mmx171mm
Crown (4to), 254mmx191mm
Demy (4to), 286mmx222mm
Royal (4to), 318mmx254mm
Imperial (4to), 381mmx279mm
Crown Folio, 381mmx254mm
Demy Folio, 445mmx286mm
Royal Folio, 508mmx318mm
Music, 356mmx260mm
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